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> Hematoxylin [517-28-2]

Hematoxylin [517-28-2]

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Cat# HY-N0116-1g

Size : 1g

Brand : MedChemExpress

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Description

Hematoxylin (Natural Black 1), a naturally occurring flavonoid compound derived from Caesalpinia sappan Linn.. Hematoxylin is a nuclear stain in histology and is also a potent Aβ42 fibrillogenesis inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.6 μM.

IC50 & Target

IC50: 1.6 µM (Aβ42 fibrillogenesis)[2]
Cellular Effect
Cell Line Type Value Description References
HeLa IC50
1.3 μM
Compound: 1
Inhibition of HIV1 VPR/human importin-alpha interaction in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of nuclear import of preintegral complex after 15 mins by confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis
Inhibition of HIV1 VPR/human importin-alpha interaction in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of nuclear import of preintegral complex after 15 mins by confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis
[PMID: 22244940]
MOLT-4 CC50
40 μM
Compound: 1
Cytotoxicity against human MOLT4 cells expressing CD4+ after 2 days by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human MOLT4 cells expressing CD4+ after 2 days by MTT assay
[PMID: 22244940]
In Vitro

When exposed to air, Hematoxylin is oxidized to reddish brown hematein. When oxidized to its hematein form and combined with a mordant, usually a metal salt, Hematoxylin stains tissue sections a deep blue to black color depending on the staining method. By itself, Hematoxylin is also amphoteric in its hematein form; it is red at acid pH and blue at alkaline pH. Differentiation following Hematoxylin staining removes nonspecific staining[1].
Hematoxylin treatment greatly alleviates Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Hematoxylin is a potential agent against Aβ fibrillogenesis and cytotoxicity[2].
The Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained tissue section is the cornerstone of anatomical pathology diagnosis. The H&E procedure stains the nucleus and cytoplasm contrasting colors to readily differentiate cellular components[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Hematoxylin Related Antibodies
In Vivo

Guidelines (Following is our recommended protocol. This protocol only provides a guideline, and should be modified according to your specific needs).
The method of H&E staining[4]:
1. Place the glass slides that hold the paraffin sections in staining racks. Clear the paraffin from the samples in three changes of xylene for 2 min per change.
2. Hydrate the samples as follows.
i. Transfer the slides through three changes of 100% ethanol for 2 min per change.
ii. Transfer to 95% ethanol for 2 min.
iii. Transfer to 70% ethanol for 2 min.
iv. Rinse the slides in running tap water at room temperature for at least 2 min.
3. Stain the samples in Hematoxylin solution for 3 min.
4. Place the slides under running tap water at room temperature for at least 5 min.
5. Stain the samples in working eosin Y solution for 2 min.
6. Dehydrate the samples as follows.
i. Dip the slides in 95% ethanol about 20 times.
ii. Transfer to 95% ethanol for 2 min.
iii. Transfer through two changes of 100% ethanol for 2 min per change.
7. Clear the samples in three changes of xylene for 2 min per change.
8. Place a drop of Permount over the tissue on each slide and add a coverslip. View the slides using a microscope.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Molecular Weight

302.28

Formula

C16H14O6
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Light brown to brown

SMILES

OC1=CC=C([C@]2(13)[C@](CC3=C2C=C(O)C(O)=C3)(O)CO4)C4=C1O
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (165.41 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : 6.67 mg/mL (22.07 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.3082 mL 16.5410 mL 33.0819 mL
5 mM 0.6616 mL 3.3082 mL 6.6164 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 4.17 mg/mL (13.80 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C
Purity & Documentation
References

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